Organic crops regulations and standards in the EU, UK, and USA

Regulations governing organic crops vary between the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (USA).

European Union (EU)

The EU has a comprehensive set of regulations for organic farming, including the production, labelling, and certification of organic crops. The main legislation governing organic agriculture in the EU is Regulation (EC) No 834/2007, which establishes the principles and requirements for organic production and labelling. It covers various aspects, including soil fertility management, crop rotation, pest and disease control, use of organic seeds, and restrictions on the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilisers, and GMOs. Organic farmers must follow strict guidelines and obtain certification from authorised bodies to label their products as organic. The EU organic logo is used to identify compliant organic products.

United Kingdom (UK)

Prior to Brexit, the UK adhered to EU organic regulations. However, after leaving the EU, the UK established its own regulatory framework. The key legislation governing organic farming in the UK is the Organic Products (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019. These regulations largely mirror the EU regulations, with some modifications to accommodate the UK’s specific requirements. The UK’s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) is responsible for overseeing and enforcing organic regulations in the country. Organic certification in the UK is managed by approved organic control bodies, and the UK Organic Certification Scheme is used to indicate compliance with organic standards. Check also here for further information (University of Reading)

United States (USA)

In the USA, organic crop regulations are overseen by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) under the National Organic Program (NOP). The main legislation governing organic farming in the US is the Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) of 1990. The NOP regulations establish the standards and requirements for organic crop production, handling, labelling, and certification. Organic farmers in the US must follow specific practices that promote soil health, biodiversity, and the use of natural resources. The use of synthetic pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and sewage sludge is prohibited in organic farming. Certified organic products in the US can display the USDA Organic seal to indicate compliance with organic standards.

Conclusion

It’s important to note that organic regulations are subject to updates and amendments over time, so it’s advisable to refer to the official regulatory authorities in each region for the most up-to-date information.

Above all, keep in mind that any organic product must be certified; that is, it is not enough for the farmer to declare that they do not use pesticides or chemical fertilisers; the crops must be assessed and recognised as organic farming by a third party.